饲粮锌对不同温度下肉种母鸡产蛋、种蛋孵化及血浆抗氧化性能的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2015.10.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究饲粮锌对不同温度下肉种母鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、种蛋孵化及血浆抗氧化性能的影响，以初步探讨饲粮锌对肉种母鸡的抗热应激效应。选用144只23周龄（155日龄）AA肉种母鸡，按2×3两因子完全随机设计分为6组，每组6个重复，每个重复4只鸡。试验设2个饲养环境温度：(21±1)℃常温和(32±1)℃高温；3个饲粮锌处理：未加锌的玉米—玉米淀粉—大豆分离蛋白半纯合基础饲粮（含锌9.98 mg•kg^-1）及在此基础上添加锌110 mg•kg^-1无机硫酸锌饲粮和110 mg•kg^-1中等螯合强度有机蛋白锌（螯合强度Q_f为30.73）饲粮。预饲期为7周，然后使肉种母鸡耗竭锌3周，至228日龄开始为期3周的正式试验期。结果显示：1）在常温与高温处理鸡只采食量无显著差异（P>0.10）的情形下，热应激显著降低了肉种母鸡产蛋率、平均蛋重、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色、蛋壳重量（P<0.01）、蛋壳强度（P<0.10）及血浆铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZn superoxide dismutase，CuZnSOD）的活性（P<0.01），显著升高了破蛋率、料蛋比（P<0.01）及血浆中丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）的浓度（P<0.10）；2）与未加锌相比，添加锌可使种蛋出雏率和健雏率显著升高（P<0.05），而有机锌与无机锌处理间无显著性差异（P>0.10）；与未加锌和无机锌处理相比，添加有机锌可使蛋黄颜色、血浆锌含量与血浆CuZnSOD酶活性显著升高（P<0.10），但无机锌与未加锌处理间无显著性差异（P>0.10）；3）本试验所观测的所有指标均未出现温度与锌处理间的互作效应（P>0.10）。结果表明，高温热应激对肉种母鸡产蛋性能、蛋壳质量和蛋黄颜色均有不利影响，并可降低血浆抗氧化功能；饲粮中添加锌可提高其种蛋孵化性能，且添加有机锌在提高蛋黄颜色、血浆锌含量与血浆CuZnSOD酶活力方面的效果优于无机锌。

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary zinc(Zn) on laying performance，egg quality，hatching performance of eggs and plasma antioxidant capacity of broiler breeder hens under different temperatures，and discussed the anti-heat stress effect of dietary Zn on broiler breeder hens preliminarily.One hundred and forty-four twenty-three-week-old female broiler breeders were randomly allotted to 6 treatments with 6 replicates of 4 birds per replicate based on body weight(BW).A completely randomized factorial design involved in 2 environmental temperatures：(21±1) ℃ normal temperature and(32±1) ℃ high temperature and 3 dietary Zn treatments：a no Zn addition corn-corn starch-soy isolate protein meal basal diet(9.98 mg•kg^-1 Zn)，and the basal diet supplemented with 110 mg•kg^-1 Zn of diet as either ZnSO₄•7H₂O or Zn proteinate with the moderate chelation strength(Q_f=30.73).The adaptation period was 7 weeks，the Zn depletion period was 3 weeks and the experimental period was 3 weeks.The result showed as follows：1) Feed intake had not significant difference(P>0.10) between normal and high temperature.On that condition，heat stress significantly decreased laying rate，average egg weight，eggshell thickness，egg yolk color，eggshell weight(P<0.01)，eggshell strength(P<0.10)，and plasma CuZn superoxide dismutase(CuZnSOD) activities(P<0.01) of broiler breeder hens，and significantly increased the broken egg rate，feed-egg ratio(P<0.01)，and plasma malondialdehyde(MDA) content(P<0.10).2) Compared with the no Zn addition group，broiler breeder hens fed the diets added Zn regardless of sources(P>0.10) had higher birth rate and healthy young chicken percentage(P<0.05).Broiler breeder hens fed the diet added organic Zn had higher yolk color score，plasma Zn，and plasma CuZnSOD activities(P<0.10) than those fed the diets added inorganic Zn and no Zn addition group，which had not significant difference(P>0.10).3) No interactions(P>0.10) between temperature and dietary Zn were observed in all of above indices.The results indicate that the high temperature impaired laying performance，eggshell quality，and yolk color score，and plasma antioxidant capacity of broiler breeder hens.Diet added either organic or inorganic Zn improves hatching performance of eggs of broiler breeder hens，and especially the effect of the organic Zn on increasing the yolk color score，plasma Zn，and plasma CuZnSOD activities is better than that of the inorganic Zn.

中图分类号:

S831.5

李文祥，吕林，朱勇文，张丽阳，罗绪刚. 饲粮锌对不同温度下肉种母鸡产蛋、种蛋孵化及血浆抗氧化性能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2015, 46(10): 1791-1805.

LI Wen-xiang，Lü Lin，ZHU Yong-wen，ZHANG Li-yang，LUO Xu-gang. Effect of Dietary Zinc on Laying Performance，Hatching Performance of Eggs and Plasma Antioxidant Capacity of Broiler Breeder Hens under Different Temperatures[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2015, 46(10): 1791-1805.

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